Infrastructure and Social Infrastructure

Human Capital refers to the skills, knowledge, and health that people possess. It is developed through social infrastructure like schools and hospitals. When a person is educated and healthy, they can produce more value for the economy. For example, a trained engineer contributes more to the GDP than an unskilled laborer. Investing in human capital is the main goal of the health and education sectors.

A PPP is a contract between the government and a private company. The private company helps build and operate a project, like a highway or a metro rail. In return, the company gets to collect fees (like tolls) for a specific number of years. This allows the government to build expensive infrastructure without spending all its tax money at once. An example is the Delhi Airport development.

PM Gati Shakti is a National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity. Instead of different departments (Railways, Roads, Shipping) working separately, they use a single digital platform to plan together. The goal is to ensure that a road ends where a railway station begins, making the movement of goods seamless. This reduces the time and cost of logistics in India.